What Should You Choose Between Golang and Java?

When it comes to widely used programming languages, Golang and Java both stand out, making a comparison between them an interesting exercise. Evaluating and contrasting their relative strengths is valuable in determining which language is superior, and it is essential to also consider the level of difficulty in acquiring proficiency in each language. Another significant aspect is the possibility of Golang replacing Java in the future. In this article, we will delve deeper into these questions.

Java has been a dominant force in the software industry for more than two decades, primarily serving as a go-to option for backend development. In contrast, Golang is a newer programming language that has emerged within the last few years. Despite this, it has been attracting considerable attention and gaining momentum as a preferred choice amongst developers.

Developers worldwide have widely adopted Go and Java, making them two of the most commonly used programming languages. They are often employed for server-side web applications, as well as tasks like learning time, web development, performance, and incentivizing developers. Due to the constant evolution of developers’ needs, the rivalry between these two languages is fierce.

This piece aims to emphasize the similarities, differences, and commercial use cases of each language.

Without further ado, let’s begin.

Golang

Often referred to as Golang, Go is an open-source language developed by Google, first introduced in 2011.

Golang shares many qualities with Java, such as being a statically typed, multi-paradigm and compiled general-purpose programming language.

Golang’s syntax draws inspiration from the ‘C’ programming language, as the language’s initial compiler was created in C. This made it possible for Golang to be self-hosted, meaning that the Golang compiler is written in Golang, allowing for ongoing development and support of the language.

Golang is built to support concurrent programming on modern multicore processors, enabling the execution of multiple tasks simultaneously. Moreover, its delayed garbage collection system efficiently manages memory and boosts application performance.

Java

Java is a statically typed general-purpose programming language that was developed and released by Sun Microsystems in 1995.

While originally known as the language of choice for server-side applications, Java has since been incorporated into hundreds of applications worldwide. This is partly due to its ability to run on various platforms, from legacy software on servers to modern data science and machine learning applications. Being a highly adaptable language has made Java a dependable option for developers seeking to build versatile applications.

Java’s popularity amongst developers has enabled the creation of numerous pre-existing modules and programs that developers can utilize. This, coupled with the large number of developers proficient in Java, makes it a straightforward language to code in.

Java is incredibly flexible since it can run on any CPU-equipped computer. Before compilation, the code is converted into bytecode, a language similar to compiled languages, by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). This feature makes it feasible to execute Java programs on any system with a JVM.

A Comparison of Golang and Java

The debate on which server-side language is better between Golang and Java is a contentious one with no clear winner. Both languages have their origins in the ‘C’ programming language and offer high-performance capabilities. To determine which language is better suited to your needs, let us compare the two.

1. Key Differences between Golang and Java

   Golang and Java offer a range of capabilities, but Java is the more suitable choice for complex tasks due to its object-oriented nature. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) permits code reuse and a more satisfying development experience. Java also allows for self-analysis of code during runtime, facilitating error identification.
   
   Golang, on the other hand, is not an object-oriented programming language and lacks inheritance and reflection, making it less versatile than Java.
   
   One standout feature of Golang is its support for garbage collection, which is also available in Java but is less powerful and efficient. Garbage collection is beneficial in managing complex codebases as it automates memory management, reducing the burden on developers.
   
   Furthermore, Golang’s concurrent nature is a notable characteristic. The implementation of ‘goroutines’ in Go allows for the concurrent execution of functions or processes, providing more robust capabilities than Java’s multithreading features.

2. Performance Comparison between Golang and Java

   While Java is generally faster than Golang, Golang surpasses Java in most aspects.
   
   Java’s virtual machine, which enables it to run on any platform, adversely affects its performance. This virtual machine, while useful for cross-platform compatibility, slows down the speed at which Java can execute code.
   
   Golang, on the other hand, has a distinct advantage. Golang’s ‘C’ programming language roots ensure high speed, and it provides an excellent user experience, with simplified testing capabilities.
   
   Efficient memory management is another contributing factor to Golang’s fast performance. Golang’s automated garbage collection minimizes or even eliminates the need for pauses to remove unnecessary object references, further enhancing its speed and performance.

3. Community Comparison between Golang and Java

   Java, being older and more widely utilized, has a larger community than Golang.
   
   Java was previously the most popular server-side programming language but now faces competition from both Python and Go (also known as Golang). Despite this, Java still maintains a more substantial following than Golang, making it a strong contender for the title of most prevalent server-side programming language.
   
   The recruitment of Java developers is a relatively simple task due to the extensive Java development community. This vast network of professionals provides a valuable resource for those requiring assistance, making it easier for Java developers to find help whenever needed.

4. Usage Comparison between Golang and Java

   Golang’s usage is straightforward.
   
   Golang’s distinct syntax is easy to understand for English speakers, making it simple to write and read. With only 25 keywords to define pre-existing actions and processes, Golang’s library is minimal, offering fast and effortless searching.
   
   Moreover, unlike other programming languages, Golang’s syntax does not utilize brackets, parentheses or colons at the end of lines.
   
   Java is a complex programming language that requires a developer’s complete attention. Its intricate syntax offers greater flexibility and loose coupling, making it an appealing choice for many developers. However, mastering the language necessitates a significant investment of time and dedication.
   
   Related Article: What Are the Best Programming Languages for AI Development?

5. Application Comparison between Golang and Java

   Golang and Java are server-side languages with distinct applications.
   
   Java is a cross-platform programming language enabled by the JVM, which facilitates its operation across platforms with ease.
   
   Golang provides a unique advantage in that code can be compiled into a single binary file, deployable to any platform. However, compiling a binary file for each platform can be time-consuming. This additional time required for compiling binaries may limit Golang’s reach more than other programming languages.
   
   If portability is crucial, Java is the preferred choice since compiling binary files for each platform takes time.
   
   While Golang may not be the preferred language for developing a mobile application, it could still prove useful to incorporate it in your technology stack for optimal backend processes. Due to its ability for concurrent programming, Golang is a suitable substitute for artificial intelligence tasks when neither Python nor Java is available.
   
   Related article: Which Is Better for You: Node.js or Golang?

Golang vs Java: Which Language Is Better for Web Development?

Both Java and Golang excel in back-end web development.

Java is widely recognized for its platform-independence. The Java Virtual Machine (JVM) enables developers to create web applications for a variety of operating systems, including Linux, Windows, and OSX, without the need to recompile code into binary form for each system. Moreover, the Java community is thriving, providing developers with the necessary support, tools, and technology stacks to quickly develop advanced servers.

Although initially successful in backend web development, Java’s primary application has shifted towards backend mobile development, with Google now widely using the language in the development of Android applications.

Large organizations typically opt to use Golang for deploying network servers due to its compatibility with HTTP/2, as well as its ability to provide scalable and versatile yet straightforward web development. In contrast, Java lacks these capabilities.

Furthermore, developers need not worry about integrating third-party web servers or libraries, as there are numerous tools accessible for developing web servers.

Summary

Java and Golang are both potent, extensively used, and highly advantageous programming languages. However, they are significantly distinct. Java, which has been in existence for over a decade, is an object-oriented language supported by a broader library and a larger community. Conversely, Golang is a multi-paradigm language and excels in handling concurrency. Although Golang is faster, Java provides more functionalities and a more comprehensive support system.

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